Heat treatment trays/frames are key tools for carrying workpieces for heat treatment processes. They are widely used in metal processing, machinery manufacturing, aerospace, automobiles, electronics, new energy and other industries. The specific application scenarios are as follows:

1. Metal processing and machinery manufacturing industry
Application scenarios:
Quenching, annealing, normalizing and tempering of various metal parts:
For example: gears (automobile gearbox gears, machine tool transmission gears), bearings (inner and outer rings of rolling bearings), tools (milling cutters, drill bits), molds (stamping molds, die-casting molds), etc.
Tray requirements: Need to withstand high temperatures (800~1200℃) and loads. The materials are mostly stainless steel (310S) or nickel-based alloys (such as Inconel 600), and require deformation resistance and oxidation resistance.
Surface treatment process:
Such as carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, etc., the tray needs to withstand corrosive atmospheres (such as ammonia-containing and carbon-containing atmospheres). Corrosion-resistant alloys (such as Incoloy 800) or coated trays (such as aluminized steel) are commonly used.
Typical industry segments:
Bearing manufacturing: used for quenching and tempering of bearing rings, the feed tray needs to adapt to large-scale continuous production (such as feed trays for mesh belt furnaces).
Tool manufacturing: used for high-temperature quenching of high-speed steel tools (above 1200℃), iron-chromium-aluminum alloy (Kanthal A-1) or ceramic feed trays are required.

II. Aerospace and defense industry
Application scenarios:
Heat treatment of aircraft engine parts:
Such as solid solution treatment of turbine blades (nickel-based high-temperature alloy blades) and combustion chamber parts (temperature up to 1100~1250℃), single crystal nickel-based alloy feed trays or special graphite feed trays for vacuum furnaces (vacuum environment resistant and thermal shock resistant) are required.
Heat treatment of titanium alloy structural parts:
Such as annealing of titanium alloy parts of aircraft frames (temperature about 700~900℃), the feed tray needs to avoid metal contamination (titanium easily reacts with iron and nickel), and pure titanium material trays or ceramic coating trays are commonly used.
Missile parts processing:
For example, the aging treatment of aluminum alloy rudder wings (temperature about 150~200℃), use corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy trays or stainless steel frames.
Core requirements: high precision (to prevent parts deformation), high cleanliness (to avoid impurity contamination), and resistance to extreme environments (such as vacuum, inert atmosphere).

III. Automobile and rail transit industry
Application scenarios:
Batch heat treatment of automobile parts:
For example, engine crankshafts (quenching and tempering treatment, temperature about 850℃), gearbox gears (carburizing and quenching, temperature about 920℃), mesh belt furnace trays or multi-layer frames are used, and the material is mainly 310S stainless steel, which needs to adapt to continuous production (24-hour cycle operation).
New energy vehicle parts:
For example, motor silicon steel sheet annealing (temperature about 700℃), lithium battery shell (aluminum alloy) solution treatment (500~550℃), use lightweight stainless steel trays or aluminum-based composite material frames.
Key parts of rail transit:
For example, normalizing of high-speed rail wheels (temperature about 900℃) and quenching of subway bearings require large-size high-temperature resistant material frames (with a load-bearing weight of several tons), made of nickel-chromium alloy (such as Cr25Ni20).
Features: For large-scale mass production, the material trays need to have high wear resistance (frequent loading and unloading) and impact resistance (heavy workpiece weight).

IV. Electronics and semiconductor industry
Application scenarios:
Heat treatment of semiconductor materials:
For example, silicon wafer diffusion process (temperature 900~1200℃) and annealing of silicon carbide (SiC) wafers, quartz glass material trays or silicon carbide ceramic material trays (high purity, no wafer contamination) are used.
Heat treatment of electronic component packaging:
For example, reflow soldering of LED chips (temperature 200~300℃) and sintering of ceramic capacitors (temperature 1000~1400℃), alumina ceramic material trays or graphite material trays (uniform thermal conductivity and good insulation) are used.
Precision alloy parts processing:
For example, vacuum annealing (temperature 1300~1600℃) of electron gun components (molybdenum, tungsten alloy), high-purity graphite trays (oxidation resistant under vacuum) are required.
Core requirements: zero metal ion pollution, low surface roughness (avoid scratching precision components), dimensional stability under high temperature.

V. New energy and energy storage industry
Application scenarios:
Lithium battery production:
For example, high-temperature sintering (temperature 600~900℃) of positive electrode materials (lithium iron phosphate, ternary materials), high-temperature resistant stainless steel trays or silicon carbide coated trays (anti-lithium salt corrosion) are used.
Photovoltaic module heat treatment:
For example, drying of silicon wafers after texturing (temperature 200~300℃), annealing of photovoltaic glass (temperature 500~600℃), aluminum alloy trays or ceramic fiber board trays (lightweight and good thermal insulation) are used.
Hydrogen energy equipment parts:
For example, for annealing of fuel cell plates (stainless steel or titanium alloy), use hydrogen corrosion resistant trays (such as Hastelloy C-276).
Features: Need to adapt to corrosive media (such as acidic atmosphere in lithium battery production) and environmental protection requirements (no heavy metal migration).

VI. Other industries
Medical device industry:
Application: Sterilization heat treatment of surgical instruments (stainless steel scalpels, implants) (high temperature steam or dry heat sterilization, temperature 121~180℃), use 316L stainless steel trays (corrosion resistant, easy to clean).
Aerospace and defense industry:
Application: Heat treatment of aircraft engine parts, such as turbine blades (nickel-based high-temperature alloy blades) and solution treatment of combustion chamber parts (temperature up to 1100~1250℃), single crystal nickel-based alloy trays or vacuum furnace special graphite trays (vacuum environment resistant, thermal shock resistant).
Metallurgical industry:
Application: Melting and annealing of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), using high-temperature crucible-type trays (made of corundum or graphite); sintering of rare earth permanent magnet materials (such as neodymium iron boron) (temperature 1000~1100℃), using silicon nitride ceramic trays (anti-magnetic interference).
Scientific research and laboratory scenarios:
Application: New material research and development (such as high-temperature alloys, ceramic-based composite materials) in universities and research institutes, using customized small trays (materials can be nickel-based alloys, ceramics, etc., suitable for small experimental furnaces).