• Search for:
    4Mar, 2025
    2.4879 G-NiCr28W Furnace Fixtures: Composition, Temperature Limits, Design and RFQ Guide

    2.4879 G-NiCr28W Furnace Fixtures: Composition, Temperature Limits, Design and RFQ Guide

    Material number 2.4879, commonly designated G-NiCr28W, is a high-alloy heat-resistant cast material used for selected furnace components. Its nominal nickel-chromium-tungsten concept is intended for hot strength, oxidation-related duty and resistance to demanding furnace atmospheres. It is not Alloy 617, not 310S stainless steel, and not a universal answer for every tray, basket or radiant component.

    This guide explains what the designation means, how its major elements interact, why temperature alone is insufficient for selection, and how to specify a 2.4879 furnace fixture. It is written for heat-treatment engineers, maintenance teams and procurement staff. Final material, load, geometry, welding, inspection and maximum operating conditions must follow the furnace owner's approved engineering and the current governing standard.

    2.4879 G-NiCr28W heat-resistant casting geometry
    Existing EB Castworld media-library image selected after the original article image was found to return 404. Ownership and project provenance were not independently re-established; dimensions and suitability require an approved drawing.

    Identify 2.4879 correctly

    2.4879 is associated with the cast designation G-NiCr28W in heat-resistant casting references, including EN 10295 listings. The prefix “G” indicates a cast material. The name reflects a nickel-chromium alloy concept with tungsten; it does not mean that every product form or every manufacturer's proprietary alloy is automatically equivalent.

    A Saint-Gobain SEVA product sheet lists EN G-NiCr28W and DIN 2.4879 with a chemistry range centered around high nickel, about 27-30% chromium and 4.0-5.5% tungsten. Those published values are a useful technical reference, but the purchased standard and approved customer specification control acceptance.

    Identification item Correct purchasing approach Common error
    Material number 2.4879 plus G-NiCr28W and the governing standard/edition. Ordering only “2.4879 alloy” without product form or standard.
    Product form Heat-resistant casting made to an approved drawing. Assuming wrought plate, forging and casting data are interchangeable.
    Temperature State metal temperature, atmosphere, load, time and cycling. Using a brochure's maximum air temperature as a design limit.
    Equivalence Engineering comparison of complete specifications. Calling it Alloy 617, 310S or an ASTM grade based on one element.

    Chemical composition and element roles

    Published data for G-NiCr28W commonly show carbon around 0.35-0.50%, chromium around 27-30%, nickel around 47-50% and tungsten around 4.0-5.5%, with iron balance and controlled silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur. The exact order limits must come from the cited standard or purchaser specification. A producer's typical analysis is not a substitute for a certified heat analysis.

    Element General role in this alloy concept Specification boundary
    Nickel (Ni) Supports an austenitic matrix and high-temperature behavior. High nickel does not alone guarantee creep life or atmosphere resistance.
    Chromium (Cr) Supports protective oxide formation in suitable oxidizing conditions. Scale behavior depends on atmosphere, cycling and contamination.
    Tungsten (W) Contributes to hot-strength and carbide/solid-solution behavior. W content must be interpreted with carbon, section and casting process.
    Carbon (C) Influences carbide population, castability and high-temperature strength. Higher carbon can affect ductility and weld repair response.
    Silicon (Si) Supports deoxidation and can influence oxidation behavior. Use the specified range; excessive levels can change embrittlement behavior.
    P and S Controlled residuals. Verify maximums and analytical method in the purchase specification.

    Do not confuse 2.4879 with 310S

    310S is a wrought austenitic stainless steel concept with substantially lower nickel and no comparable tungsten requirement. G-NiCr28W is a cast, higher-alloy material with different carbon, solidification, carbide structure, design data and fabrication behavior. A tray may contain more than one material only when the design addresses differential expansion, joining and service compatibility.

    Selection should compare load, allowable deformation, thermal cycle, atmosphere, repair strategy and cost over the intended campaign. An alloy with a higher nominal temperature in air is not automatically the better choice for a lightly loaded tray, a carburizing atmosphere or frequent water quenching.

    Published temperature is not allowable design stress

    Supplier references commonly associate G-NiCr28W with maximum air-service values around 1150 C, while some metallographic references discuss use near 1200 C under particular conditions. These values are not a universal continuous-use guarantee. Furnace atmosphere, sulfur potential, carburizing potential, oxygen activity, load stress, section, thermal gradient, dwell and cycling can move the practical limit substantially.

    Use time-dependent creep or stress-rupture data at the relevant temperature for loaded designs. A maximum oxidation temperature cannot be used as an allowable stress. The responsible engineer must apply a design method, safety factor, expected section loss and inspection interval appropriate to the fixture.

    Temperature question Data required Why it matters
    Furnace setpoint Setpoint, overshoot and spatial uniformity. The fixture may see a different metal temperature.
    Metal temperature Measured or modeled normal and maximum values. Drives creep, oxidation and expansion.
    Time Dwell per cycle and annual hot hours. High-temperature deformation is time dependent.
    Atmosphere Air, reducing, carburizing, nitriding, sulfur-bearing, salt or process gas. Changes scale, internal attack and alloy selection.
    Cycling Heating/cooling rate and quench exposure. Controls thermal fatigue and shock.

    Atmosphere determines more than oxidation rate

    In oxidizing service, chromium-rich scale can provide protection when it remains adherent. In reducing, carburizing or sulfur-bearing environments, oxide stability and internal attack differ. Deposits, furnace contaminants and contact with workpieces can create local chemistry not represented by the bulk atmosphere.

    Provide gas composition or furnace process rather than the word “heat treatment” alone. Note whether oil residue, salts, boron compounds, copper, zinc, sulfur or carbonaceous deposits can contact the fixture. If molten metal or salt is involved, a dedicated corrosion review is required.

    Creep, sagging and load path

    Furnace trays usually fail functionally by excessive sagging, cracking, distortion or section loss before simple room-temperature tensile strength becomes relevant. Creep depends on metal temperature, applied stress and time. The load path includes the workpiece, tray ribs, support rails, feet, stacking points and any local contact.

    A good RFQ includes maximum gross load, load distribution, center of gravity, stacking arrangement, span, support width and allowable distortion. Point loads and off-center placement should be treated as separate load cases. The new drawing should be reviewed against worn-section conditions, not only full nominal thickness.

    Use the actual load map

    A total payload number can conceal severe local stress. Show the footprint and mass of each workpiece, temporary fixtures, stacking posts and any robot contact. Include the worst credible asymmetric arrangement and the possibility of a missing or damaged support. The designer can then identify ribs and junctions that require stress, creep or solidification review.

    Define allowable deformation

    “No deformation” is not a practical engineering criterion for a hot fixture. State the maximum cold sag, twist or interface movement that the furnace, automation and workpiece quality can tolerate. Define the measurement span, temperature condition and datum. A controlled limit permits trend-based retirement before functional interference occurs.

    Design input Minimum RFQ detail Failure risk if omitted
    Gross and net load Fixture mass, workpiece mass and load per support. Underestimated creep stress.
    Support Rail spacing, contact width, flatness and movement. Bending, rocking and local overload.
    Stacking Number of tiers and locating interfaces. Column instability or contact damage.
    Thermal expansion Clearance, restraint and movement direction. Buckling, binding or cracked joints.
    End-of-life section Wear/oxidation allowance and retirement criteria. Unexpected sag or fracture late in campaign.

    Thermal expansion and distortion control

    High-nickel heat-resistant cast alloys expand appreciably when heated. Ribs, grids and external frames must be arranged so the component can expand without severe restraint. Abrupt stiffness changes and rigid corner locking can concentrate thermal stress. A cold dimensional inspection cannot by itself predict the hot shape.

    State cold dimensions and functional hot clearances separately. Identify furnace rails, door openings, robot grippers and workpiece interfaces that can tolerate limited distortion. Datum strategy should reflect how the tray is supported and measured.

    Casting design and manufacturing route

    2.4879 components may be produced by suitable casting processes chosen for size, geometry, quantity and required surface/detail. Pattern allowance must address alloy shrinkage, machining and anticipated hot distortion. Heavy junctions and isolated bosses need feeding and solidification review.

    Do not assume every thin mesh or long rod is best produced as one casting. The design may combine cast sections, approved welds or separately manufactured elements, but every joint changes creep, fatigue and repair behavior. EB Castworld should quote only the manufacturing route supported by the drawing and agreed inspection.

    2.4879 G-NiCr28W cast product surface and section reference
    Existing EB Castworld media-library image used as a 2.4879 material and casting-process reference. It is not represented as a furnace-fixture service case or evidence of temperature or life.

    Welding and repair require qualification

    High-carbon, high-alloy cast materials require controlled repair planning. Filler composition, joint restraint, preheat/interpass practice, heat input, defect removal and inspection must be qualified for the actual casting and service. A visually acceptable bead is not proof of high-temperature integrity.

    Define whether production welds or repair welds are permitted, who approves them, which procedure qualification applies, and what NDT follows. Do not field-weld a loaded furnace tray without the owner's engineering approval. Thermal history and remaining section after service can make a repair unsuitable even when new material was weldable.

    Inspection and quality documents

    Requirement What to specify Evidence
    Material 2.4879 / G-NiCr28W, standard edition and chemistry limits. Heat analysis linked to the casting.
    Dimensions Drawing revision, datums, cold tolerances and CTQs. Dimensional report and fixture method.
    Visual/NDT Method, coverage, timing and written acceptance. Inspection report where ordered.
    Welds Permitted zones, WPS/PQR basis and post-repair examination. Weld map and welder/procedure records.
    Traceability Heat, cast/lot, drawing and part marking. Certificate-to-part linkage.
    Load fit-up Support, stacking and interface checks. Trial assembly or gauge result where required.

    Receiving and installation checks

    At receipt, compare marking, certificate, drawing and packing list before fixtures are mixed. Inspect cracks, transportation damage, straightness, support contact and locating features. Measure critical interfaces on a stable surface using the agreed datums. Quarantine any repaired or distorted component without the required documentation.

    During installation, confirm rail spacing, free thermal movement and workpiece distribution. Do not force a tray into a furnace or grind functional sections without approved disposition. Record the initial orientation so future distortion and crack maps can be compared.

    In-service inspection and retirement criteria

    Create a repeatable map for sag, twist, cracks, oxide loss, rib section and support damage. Measure at comparable cold condition and locations. An arbitrary number of cycles is not a sufficient retirement rule because load and temperature history may differ.

    Retirement criteria should address maximum distortion, crack length/location, remaining section, unstable stacking, broken supports and workpiece-quality risk. Trend measurements to schedule replacement before a tray jams automation, damages workpieces or collapses. All hot inspection and handling require the site's isolation, cooling and lifting procedures.

    Failure analysis checklist

    1. Preserve tray identity, orientation, furnace position and heat/lot.
    2. Record temperature history, atmosphere, load, cycles and abnormal events.
    3. Map sagging, cracks, oxidation, carburization indicators and support wear.
    4. Check whether the load or rail contact changed.
    5. Review chemistry, casting, weld and inspection records.
    6. Section representative material only under an approved investigation plan.
    7. Separate creep, thermal fatigue, corrosion, casting defect and mechanical overload.
    8. Validate corrective action on a controlled campaign.

    Distortion investigation

    Compare the measured shape with support location, temperature zone and load distribution. Uniform long-term sag suggests a different investigation from a sharp local bend at a rail or weld. Review cumulative hot hours and section loss rather than relying only on cycle count. If a tray has been repeatedly inverted, repaired or straightened, record that history because it changes stress and damage.

    Crack investigation

    Map each crack's origin, direction and relation to a junction, weld, casting surface or contact point. Determine whether it is open at room temperature and whether oxide penetrates the crack. Metallography and chemistry can support the investigation, but the conclusion must also account for restraint, thermal gradient, creep and handling impact.

    RFQ checklist for 2.4879 furnace fixtures

    1. 2.4879 / G-NiCr28W designation and governing standard edition.
    2. Approved 2D/3D drawing, revision, CTQs and casting tolerances.
    3. Furnace type, process atmosphere and contaminants.
    4. Setpoint, measured metal temperature, dwell, cycles and cooling rate.
    5. Workpiece mass/distribution, stacking, rail spacing and allowable sag.
    6. Current fixture material, service data, distortion and failure photographs.
    7. Casting route, machining and permitted production/repair welds.
    8. Chemistry, dimensions, NDT, weld and traceability documents.
    9. Quantity, trial plan, packaging, lifting features and destination.
    10. Customer retirement criteria and any regulated or safety-critical requirements.

    Related products and furnace-fixture guidance

    Review G-NiCr28W batch furnace trays, 2.4879 heat-treatment trays and types of heat-treatment fixtures. See quality assurance and factory capability for general manufacturing and inspection context.

    Send furnace data and drawings for review

    Use the contact page to send the fixture drawing, load map, furnace temperature and atmosphere, current service history, inspection requirements, quantity and destination. Final material, structure and process must be agreed against the customer-approved drawing.

    Engineering and safety boundary: Published chemistry, temperature and creep values are reference data, not EB Castworld guarantees. Furnace fixtures are load-bearing hot components; design approval, safe loading, hot handling, inspection interval and retirement decisions remain the responsibility of the furnace owner and qualified engineers.

    References

    5Jan, 2025
    Bolt Steel Washer

    Steel washer is used with the production of bolts, general bolts, nuts and Steel washer matching use. Our company specializing in the production of various Steel washer, and the conventional and customized according to the drawings produced. Generally, the surface is treated with black or normal.

     

    bolt steel washer

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1. Material: 45 steel、40Cr、Q235 and so on;

    Material Grade: 8.8、10.9、12.9 ans so on;

    Type: M20,M24, M27,M30,M36,M42,M45;

    Service Life Guarantee: 12 months under normal working condition

    bolt steel washer

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    2. We adoptedreasonable heat treatment process to obtain high-tensile steel washer with longer service life. We strictly control all our production Meanwhile, when all the bolts are completed, our professional testing personnel will inspection the parts one by one. Shipment will be arranged only after final inspection is ok.

    bolt steel washer

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    3. Our bolts and steel washers have been widely used in cement mill, power plant coal mill and mine mill.

     

    Eternal Bliss Alloy Casting & Forging Co, Ltd.

    Technical Dept.

    E-mail: cast@ebcastings.com

    what’s app: 0086-13093023772

     

     

     

     

     

    7Jul, 2024
    Unveiling the Unique Properties and Application Potential of UMCo-50

    The Canadian client requires eight screws made of UMCo-50, a cobalt-based alloy material known for its outstanding characteristics and wide application across various fields. Below is a detailed analysis of the UMCo-50 Cobalt-based alloys material:

     

    UMCo-50 Cobalt-based alloys

     

    Physical Properties:

    Density: UMCo-50 has a density of approximately 8.5 grams per cubic centimeter, giving it an advantage in weight-sensitive applications.
    • Thermal Expansion Coefficient: Under high-temperature conditions, UMCo-50 exhibits a low thermal expansion coefficient, maintaining excellent dimensional stability.
    • Hardness: The alloy boasts a high hardness, usually exceeding Rockwell hardness (HRC) 50, with outstanding wear resistance at elevated temperatures.

    Mechanical Properties:

    Strength and Hardness: The UMCo-50 cobalt-based alloy possesses high strength and hardness, capable of withstanding mechanical loads, making it suitable for high-stress environments.
    • Toughness and Ductility: The alloy also features good toughness and ductility, which helps reduce stress concentration and cracking in high-temperature settings.

    High-Temperature and Oxidation Resistance:

    UMCo-50 demonstrates exceptional stability and oxidation resistance at high temperatures, capable of withstanding temperatures above 1100°C while retaining its mechanical integrity and corrosion resistance. This superior high-temperature and oxidation resistance make UMCo-50 highly valuable in high-temperature working environments.

    Corrosion Resistance:

    UMCo-50 also exhibits good high-temperature corrosion resistance, able to withstand the erosion of acidic, alkaline, and other corrosive media. This characteristic makes it widely applicable in chemical, petroleum, and natural gas extraction environments.

    Application Areas:

    Due to its superior properties, UMCo-50 cobalt-based alloy finds extensive use in various sectors, including but not limited to:
    Aerospace: Used in manufacturing components for aviation engines, such as turbine blades, nozzles, combustion chamber parts, etc.3333

    Manufacturing Process:

    The production of UMCo-50 cobalt-based alloy typically employs a double vacuum melting process to ensure the purity and uniformity of the alloy, helping to reduce impurities and defects in the alloy, thereby enhancing its performance and reliability.

    http://ebcasting.net

    4Nov, 2019
    How to Cast and Machine High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    1.Introductionof  Machine High Mn Steel Castings

    High Mn steel is a kind of high anti-impact wear materials,which is suitable for making heavy impact working condition,such as Excavator shovels and teeth,big crusher parts.

    In 1882, the first high manganese steel with austenite structure was obtained. In 1883, Mr.R.A. Hadfield, an Englishman, achieved a patent for high manganese steel.

    2.ClassificationOf Mn Steel

    High manganese steel can be divided into two categories according to different purposes:

    2.1Abrasive High Mn Steel 

    This kind of Mn steel contains 10% ~ 15% manganese, and its carbon content is high, generally 0.90% ~ 1.50%, most of which is above 1.0%. The chemical composition is (%):  Si:0.30 ～ 1.0   S ≤ 0.05   P ≤ 0.10.

    Because of high abrasion,it is commonly used to make shovel teeth of excavators, concaves and mantles of cone crushers, Jaw plates of jaw crushers, lining plates of SAG & AG mills, railway fork points, blow bars, hammers, etc.
    The micro structure of the high manganese steel with the above composition is usually composed of Austenite, carbide and Pearlite, and sometimes contains a small amount of phosphorus eutectic. When the amount of carbides is large, they often appear as network on the grain boundary. Therefore, as cast high manganese steel is brittle and can not be used, so it needs water quenching treatment at the range between 1050 and1100 ℃.As the as cast structure is eliminated by heat preservation, and the single-phase Austenite structure is obtained, and then water quenching is carried out to keep the structure at normal temperature. After heat treatment, the strength, plasticity and toughness of steel are greatly improved, so this heat treatment method is often called water toughening. The mechanical properties after heat treatment are: σ b615-1275mpa   σ  0.2340-470mpa   ζ 15% – 85%   ψ 15% – 45%   Impact Value: ak 196-294j / cm2   Hardness: HB 180-300.

    After solution treatment, there will be a small amount of undissolved carbides in the high manganese steel, which can still be used when the quantity is less and meets the inspection standard.
    When the high manganese steel with austenite structure is subjected to impact load, plastic deformation occurs on the metal surface. As a result of deformation strengthening, there is obvious work hardening phenomenon in the deformation layer, and the surface hardness is greatly improved. It can reach HB300-400 at low impact load and HB500-800 at high impact load. With the different impact load, the depth of surface hardening layer can reach 10-20 mm. The hardened layer with high hardness can resist the impact abrasive wear. High manganese steel has excellent anti-wear performance under the condition of strong impact abrasive wear, so it is often used in mining, building materials, thermal power and other mechanical equipment to make wear-resistant parts. Under the condition of low impact, because the work hardening effect is not obvious, high manganese steel can not play its work hardening characteristics of materials.

    ZGMn13-1 (C:1.10%～1.50%) is used for low impact parts;

    ZGMn13-2 (C:1.00%～1.40%) is used for common parts,

    ZGMn13-3 (C:0.90%～1.30%) is used for complex parts,

    ZGMn13-4 (C:0.90% ～1.20%) is used for high impact parts. The manganese content of the above four grades of steel is 11.0% – 14.0%.

     

    Standard Specification for Austenitic Manganese Steel
    Reference Standard ASTM A128 Nominal Chemical Composition (W%) Eqv. Standard GB5680
    C Mn Cr Mo Ni Si (Max.) S (Max.) P(Max.)
    A 1.05-1.35 ≥11.0 – – – 1.00 0.06 0.05 GB 5680  ZGMn13-1  AS2074/H1A
    B-1 0.90-1.05 11.5-14.0 – – – 1.00 0.06 0.05 GB 5680 ZGMn13-2
    B-2 1.05-1.20 11.5-14.0 – – – 1.00 0.06 0.05 GB 5680  ZGMn13-2,3 AS2074/H1A
    B-3 1.12-1.28 11.5-14.0 – – – 1.00 0.06 0.05 GB 5680  ZGMn13-2,3 AS2074/H1A
    B-4 1.20-1.35 11.5-14.0 – – – 1.00 0.06 0.05 GB 5680  ZGMn13-2,3 AS2074/H1A
    C 1.05-1.35 11.5-14.0 1.50-2.50 – – 1.00 0.06 0.05 GB 5680  ZGMn13-4 AS2074/H1B
    D 0.70-1.30 11.5-14.0 – – 3.0-4.0 1.00 0.06 0.05 –
    E-1 0.70-1.30 11.5-14.0 – 0.90-1.20 – 1.00 0.06 0.05 GB 5680  ZGMn13-5 AS2074/H1C
    E-2 1.05-1.45 11.5-14.0 – 1.80-2.10 – 1.00 0.06 0.05 GB 5680  ZGMn13-5
    F 1.05-1.35 6.0-8.0 – 0.90-1.20 – 1.00 0.06 0.05 –
    – 1.30-1.50 ≥17.0 – – – 1.00 0.06 0.05 AS2074/H1D

     

    In the cold deformation process under impact load, due to the increase of dislocation density, dislocation delivery, dislocation accumulation and interaction between dislocation and solute atoms, the steel is strengthened. This is an important reason for work hardening.Another important reason is the low stacking fault energy of high manganese Austenite.When deformation occurs,stacking fault appears, which creates conditions for the formation of ε Martensite and deformation twin. High density

    dislocations, dislocation packing and entanglement can be seen in the deformation hardening layer of conventional high manganese steel. The appearance of ε Martensite and deformation twin makes it difficult for steel to deform, especially the latter. All of the above factors make the hardened layer of high manganese steel be strengthened to a high degree, and the hardness is greatly improved. High manganese steel is castable. The melting point of steel is low (about 1400 ℃), the temperature interval between liquid and solid phase is small (about 50 ℃) and the thermal conductivity of steel is low, so the liquid steel has good fluidity and is easy to be cast. The linear expansion coefficient of high manganese steel is 1.5 times of that of pure iron and 2 times of that of carbon steel. Therefore, the volume shrinkage and linear shrinkage of high manganese steel are large during casting, and stress and crack are easy to appear.
    In order to improve the properties of high manganese steel, a lot of researches have been carried out, such as alloying, microalloying, carbon manganese content adjustment and precipitation strengthening treatment, and they have been applied in production practice. The appearance of metastable Austenitic Manganese steel can reduce the content of carbon and manganese in the steel and increase the speed of deformation strengthening. It can be applied to the working conditions of high and medium low impact load, which is a new development of high Manganese steel.

    2.2 Non Magnetic Steel High Mn Steel Sand Castings
    This kind of steel contains more than 17% manganese and less than 1.0% carbon. It is often used to make retaining rings in the motor industry. The density of this kind of steel is 7.87-7.98g/cm3. Due to the high content of carbon and manganese, the thermal conductivity of steel is poor. The thermal conductivity is 12.979w / (m ·℃), about 1 / 3 of carbon steel. The permeability μ of steel is 1.003-1.03 (H / M) because it is austenitic and non-magnetic.

    3.Cast Process of High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    High Mn Steel
    High Mn Steel

    3.1 Chemical Composition High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    Under the working condition of high energy impact, the application range of high manganese steel and ultra-high manganese steel castings is wide.

    According to the national standard, high manganese steel is divided into five grades, the main difference is the carbon content, the range is 0.75% – 1.45%. High impact and low carbon content. The manganese content is between 11.0% and 14.0%, generally not less than 13%. There is no national standard for ultrahigh manganese steel, but the manganese content should be more than 18%. The silicon content has a great influence on the impact toughness, so the lower limit should be taken to be no more than 0.5%. Low phosphorus and low sulfur are the most basic requirements. Since high manganese content naturally plays a role in desulfurization, phosphorus reduction is the most important thing. Try to make phosphorus lower than 0.07%. Chromium improves wear resistance, generally around 2.0%.

    3.2 Charging Materials for Melting Furnaces High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    The material in the furnace is determined by the chemical composition. The main charge is high quality carbon steel (or ingot), high carbon ferromanganese, medium carbon ferromanganese, high carbon ferrochrome and high manganese steel scrap materials.The recycle material shall not exceed 25%.

    3.3 Smelting High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    The size of the block should be as small as possible, and 50-80mm is suitable. After melting, when the furnace temperature reaches 1580-1600 ℃, deoxidization, dehydrogenation and denitrification are required. Aluminum wire, Si Ca alloy or SiC can also be used. The deoxidizer must be pressed to the depth of the furnace. At this time, the metal level shall be tightly covered with covering agent to cut off the external air. It also needs to be sedated for a period of time, so that oxides and inclusions can float up in sufficient time. However, many foundries only put aluminum wire or even aluminum chips, sprinkle on the metal surface, and do not cover, it is a waste! During this period, the content of manganese and carbon should be adjusted with medium carbon ferromanganese in time. Chinese style

    It is necessary to bake the ladle above 400℃ before the molten steel is discharged from the furnace. It is necessary to use V-Fe, Ti Fe, rare earth and other microelements to modify during the process of discharging, which is a necessary means to refine the primary crystallization, and it is of great importance to the product performance.

    3.3 Charge and Molding Material High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    Manganese steel is alkaline, and the lining is of course made of magnesium. The ramming of furnace lining shall be carried out repeatedly. The lining material should not be too thick. It is better to add 80 cm each time. After ramming, it should be baked at low temperature for a long time. For example, to improve the production efficiency, the author suggests to use the forming crucible (both Shenyang Lide factory and Hengfeng factory sell the finished products), which can be put into production in less than 1 hour from the furnace dismantling and ramming, and at the same time, the forming crucible is of great benefit to the furnace penetration prevention. Of course, the length of the furnace order is closely related to the operator. Many operators, like shot putters, put the charge into the furnace from a distance of three or four meters, which is not safe and damages the furnace order. They should preheat the charge by the furnace mouth, then slowly preheat the charge along the furnace mouth with clamps, and then slowly put the charge along the furnace wall with clamps.

    Molding materials and coatings shall also be consistent with the properties of liquid metal, or ZTE materials (such as chromite sand, brown corundum, etc.) shall be used. If we want to obtain a crystal refining group, it is correct to use chromite ore with large heat storage capacity, especially in the EPC plant, which will overcome the disadvantage of slow heat dissipation.

    3.4 Foundry Process Design High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    The characteristics of   manganese steel are large solidification shrinkage and poor heat dissipation. Therefore, the casting shrinkage is 2.5% – 2.7% in the process design, and the larger the casting, the higher the upper limit. The yield of molding sand and sand core must be better. The gating system is open type. A plurality of scattered internal sprues are introduced from the thin wall of the casting, which are in the shape of flat and wide trumpet. The cross-sectional area near the casting is larger than that associated with the cross sprue, so that the molten metal can be injected into the mold quickly and stably to prevent the excessive temperature difference in the whole mold. The riser diameter should be larger than the hot joint diameter, close to the hot joint, and the height is 2.5-3.0 times of the diameter. It is necessary to adopt the combination of the hot riser and even the pouring riser to make enough high temperature liquid metal to be insufficient for the vacancy of the casting during solidification shrinkage.

    Pouring shall be carried out as soon as possible at low temperature. Once solidified, loosen the sand box in time. Smart designers are always good at using cold iron, including internal cold iron and external cold iron. It not only refines the primary crystallization, eliminates shrinkage cavity and porosity, but also improves the process yield. Of course, appropriate dosage and specification should be considered. The internal cooling iron should be clean and fusible, and the amount should be less. The three-dimensional dimension of external cooling iron is 0.6-0.7 times of that of cooling substance. Too small does not work and too large causes the casting to crack. The casting shall be kept warm for a long time in the mold until it is lower than 200 ℃ before unpacking.

    3.5 Heat Treatment High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    Therefore, the correct operation is below 350 ℃, the heating rate is less than 80 ℃ / h, below 750 ℃, and less than 100 ℃ / h, and there are different periods of heat preservation. When the temperature is more than 750 ℃, the casting is in a plastic state and can be heated rapidly. When the temperature reaches 1050 ℃, the holding time is determined according to the thickness of the casting, and then it rises to more than 1100 ℃. Leave room for cooling out of the furnace and put water in as soon as possible. When the temperature is high, the temperature rise is too slow, the holding time is too short, and the time interval from the furnace outlet to the water inlet is too long (should not be more than 0.5min), which all affect the casting quality. The water inlet temperature shall be less than 30 ℃, after quenching, the water temperature shall be less than 50 ℃, and the water volume shall not be less than 8 times of the weight of the casting. Cold water enters from the bottom of the pool and warm water flows out from the top of the pool. The casting should move continuously in three directions in the pool.

    3.6 Cutting and Welding High Mn Steel Sand Castings

    It is better to put the casting in water and expose the cut part outside the water. leave a certain amount of stubble during cutting, and grind it off after heat treatment. In many factories, welding and repair are inevitable. The austenitic manganese nickel electrode (D256 or d266 type) is selected. The specification is long and thin, φ 3.2mm × 350mm, and the outer coating is alkaline. The operation method of small current, weak current arc, small weld bead with multiple welding layers and low temperature and less heat is adopted. Welding and striking at the same time to eliminate stress. Important castings must be inspected.

    3.7 Delivery of  High Mn Steel Sand Castings to Australia

    On Nov.3,we finished all the inspection of Mn13Cr2 Bar Castings.

    We machined all the surfaces of the Mn Steel parts to Ra 6.3.Due to machining allowance is left too big for sand castings and high work hardening feature, the Mn steel castings are very difficult to be machined.We tried many different milling cutters and found a better solution to machine hundreds of castings in a high efficient and economic way to complete the job.

    Eternal Bliss Alloy Casting & Forging Co, Ltd.

    Technical Dept.

    E-mail: cast@ebcastings.com

    what’s app: 0086-13093023772

    Juliet

    28Nov, 2018
    Cobalt Based Surfacing Welding Wire

    Cobalt-based surfacing wire has the same cores as cobalt-based surfacing electrode, the same characteristics and uses as cobalt-based surfacing electrode. That is to say, the alloy wire has good red hardness and can maintain high hardness, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance above 600℃. Among them, the carbon content is high and the wear resistance is good, but the impact resistance decreases. The dilution rate of gas welding is lower than that of arc welding, the melting amount of base metal is less, the penetration is shallow, and the surfacing quality is high, so it is widely used. However, due to the large heating area and slow temperature rise of the welded workpiece in gas welding, the workpiece deformation is larger than that in electric welding.

    Cobalt Based Surfacing Welding Wire
    EB specializes in Cobalt Based Surfacing Welding  Wire for 20 years.Exported to more than 60 counties.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Cobalt-based surfacing wires include Co111, Co112, Co113,Co114, Co115, Co116, Co117, Co101 and Co103. At present, domestic cemented carbide surfacing wires are made of high chromium alloy cast iron (So, Mayte) and cobalt-based alloy . Because these alloys can not be processed by rolling and drawing, they are usually cast by casting welding wires or by horizontal continuous casting of wire rods. Aerobic-acetylene or gas shielded welding can be adopted. Co103 is a boron-containing high chromium cast iron surfacing wire. Its surfacing layer is hard to be machined with cemented carbide cutters and has high wear resistance.

    Main characteristics and application of Cobalt Based Surfacing Welding Wire

    Cobalt based surfacing welding wire is mainly used for surfacing repair of worn parts of chemical equipment and various mechanical equipment. Such as metallurgical machinery, mining machinery, turnout, jaw plate, bucket, shovel teeth, engineering quarry and other brick machine cutters, screw, mixer blades, fan blades, mineral processing machinery, engineering machinery, building materials machinery!

    • Co101 high chromium cast iron surfacing wire 

     

    • Hardness of surfacing layer HEC48-54
    • Main features and uses:

    The surfacing layer has good oxidation resistance and cavitation resistance, high hardness and good wear resistance. It is used for surfacing welding of small shafts of cone bit, coal hole excavator, crusher rollers, mixed blades and other occasions requiring strong wear resistance and oxidation resistance.

    • Co103 High Chromium Cast Iron Surfacing Wire
    • Hardness of surfacing layer HEC58-64
    • Main features and uses:

    The surfacing layer has excellent oxidation resistance and cavitation resistance, high hardness and good wear resistance. Mainly used for surfacing welding applications requiring wear resistance, oxidation resistance or cavitation resistance, such as bucket teeth, pump sleeves, exhaust blades, valves, etc. Hardness HRC: 50-54 (room temperature)

    • Co106 Cobalt based surfacing welding wire
    • Main chemical constituents:

    C0.9-1.4 Mn < 1.0 Si0.4-2.0 Cr26-32 W3.5-6.0 Fe < 2.0 Co residue

    • Hardness of surfacing layer HRC:40-45
    • Main features and uses:

    Co106 Co-based surfacing wire is one of the lowest C and W contents and the best toughness in Co-Cr-W surfacing alloy. It can withstand the impact of cold and hot conditions, has a small tendency to produce cracks, and has good corrosion resistance, heat resistance and wear resistance. Mainly used for maintaining good wear and corrosion resistance at high temperature, such as high temperature, high pressure valves, hot shear blades, hot forging dies, etc.

    • Co112 Cobalt based surfacing welding wire
    • Main chemical constituents:

    C1.2-1.7 Mn < 1.0 Si0.4-2.0 Cr26-32 W7.0-9.5 Fe < 2.0 Co residue

    • Hardness of surfacing layer HRC:45-50
    • Main features and uses:

    Co112 cobalt-based surfacing wire has medium hardness and better wear resistance than Co111 in Co-Cr-W surfacing alloy, but its plasticity is slightly worse. It has good corrosion resistance, heat resistance and wear resistance, which can be maintained at about 650 C. Mainly used for surfacing welding of high temperature and high pressure valves, internal combustion engine valves, high pressure pump sleeves, liner sleeves, hot roll pass, etc.

    • Co113 Cobalt based surfacing welding wire
    • Main chemical constituents:

    C2.5-3.3 Mn < 1.0 Si0.4-2.0 Cr27-33 W15-19 Fe < 2.0 Co residue

    • Hardness of surfacing layer HRC:55-60
    • Main features and uses：

    Co113 cobalt-based surfacing wire has high hardness and good wear resistance, but poor impact resistance. It is prone to crack during surfacing. It has good corrosion resistance, heat resistance and wear resistance, which can be maintained at about 650 C. It is mainly used for surfacing welding of cone bit bearings, rotating blades of boilers, edges of crushers, screw feeders, etc.

    • Co113G Cobalt based surfacing welding wire
    • Main chemical constituents:

    C3.2-3.55 Mn < 1.0 Si0.5-1.1 Cr24-28 W12-16 Fe < 2.5 Co residue

    • Hardness HRC of surfacing layer: > 54
    • Main features and uses：

    The surfacing layer has excellent wear resistance, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. It can also maintain these characteristics at 800 C. The single impact toughness is poor and it is sensitive to the temperature of the surfacing layer. The metallographic structure is eutectic and coarse composite carbide. Mainly used for surfacing welding of pump sleeve and rotary seal ring, wear panel, bearing sleeve, high temperature hot roll, oil field drill bit, etc.

    • Co113Ni Cobalt based surfacing welding wire
    • Main chemical constituents:

    C1.5-2.0 Si0.9-1.3 Cr24-27 W11.5-13 Fe0.85-1.35 Ni21-24 Co residue

    • Hardness of surfacing layer HRC:37-40
    • Main features and uses

    The welding wire reduces the carbon content properly and adds more Ni and Fe alloying elements, thus improving the toughness and comprehensive mechanical properties of surfacing layer. It is mainly used for surfacing welding of internal combustion engine valves and exhaust valves with high requirements of anti-cavitation and anti-corrosion performance.

    • Co114  Cobalt based surfacing welding wire
    • Main chemical constituents:

    C2.4-3.0 Mn < 1.0 Si < 2.0 Cr27-33 W11-14 Fe < 2.0 Co residue

    • Hardness HRC of surfacing layer: > 52
    • Main features and applications:

    High carbon Co-Cr-W alloy surfacing wire has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. But the impact toughness is poor. It is mainly used for surfacing welding of wear parts such as cone bit bearings and boiler rotating blades.

    • Co115 Cobalt based surfacing welding wire
    • Main chemical constituents:

    C1.5-3.5 Cr25-29 Mo5.0-6.0 Ni1.75-3.25 Co residue

    • Hardness HRC of surfacing layer: > 27
    • Main features and uses

    The wire is a low carbon cobalt-chromium alloy strengthened by molybdenum. Its hardness is lower at room temperature, but it is improved after cold work. The surfacing layer has good high temperature corrosion resistance, impact resistance and high temperature strength.

    • Co116 Cobalt based surfacing welding wire
    • Main chemical constituents ：

    C0.7-1.2 Cr30.0-34.0 W12.5-15.5 Si < 1.0 Mn < 0.5 Fe < 1.0 Co residue

    • Hardness of surfacing layer HRC:46-50
    • Main features and applications:

    It has high wear resistance and high temperature strength, but poor toughness. It has excellent corrosion resistance under sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and other working conditions. Mainly used for surfacing of copper-based and aluminium-based alloys, such as hot-pressing die, etc.

    • Co117 Co-based Alloy Surfacing Wire
    • Main chemical constituents:

    C2.30-2.65 Cr31.0-34.0 W16.0-18.0 Ni < 3.0 Si < 1.0 Mn < 0.5 Co residue

    • Hardness HRC of surfacing layer: > 53
    • Main features and uses

    It has strong abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, which can be maintained at 800 C. A stack for wear surfaces such as sleeves and rotary sealing rings of pumps

    For more information，please contact us via E-mail: sales@ebcastworld.com Or Whatsapp:0086-130 930 237 72. Whatsapp:0086-13093023772

    24Nov, 2018
    Aluminum Based Alloy

    Aluminum-based alloys are the most widely used non-ferrous metal structural materials in industry. They have been widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobile, machinery manufacturing, shipping and chemical industry. With the rapid development of industrial economy, the demand for welded structural parts of aluminium alloy is increasing day by day, which makes the research on weldability of aluminium alloy deepen. Aluminum alloy is the most widely used alloy at present.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Properties of Aluminum based Alloys

    Aluminum-based alloys have low density but high strength, close to or higher than high-quality steel, good plasticity, and can be processed into various profiles. They have excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. They are widely used in industry, and their usage is second only to steel. Some aluminium alloys can obtain good mechanical properties, physical properties and corrosion resistance by heat treatment. Hard aluminium alloy belongs to AI-Cu-Mg system, which generally contains a small amount of Mn and can be strengthened by heat treatment. Its characteristics are high hardness but poor plasticity. Superhard aluminium belongs to Al-Cu-Mg-Zn system, which can be strengthened by heat treatment. It is the highest strength aluminium alloy at room temperature, but it has poor corrosion resistance and fast softening at high temperature. Forged aluminium alloys are mainly Al-Zn-Mg-Si alloys. Although many kinds of elements are added, the content is small, so they have excellent thermoplasticity and are suitable for forging, so they are also called forged aluminium alloys.

    Processing Method of Aluminum Base Alloy

    • Deformed aluminium alloys can withstand pressure processing. It can be processed into various forms and specifications of aluminium alloy. Mainly used for manufacturing aviation equipment, building doors and windows, etc. Deformed aluminium alloys can be divided into non-heat-treated and heat-treated strengthened aluminium alloys. Non-heat-treatment strengthening type can not improve mechanical properties by heat treatment, but can be strengthened by cold working deformation. It mainly includes high-purity aluminum, industrial high-purity aluminum, industrial pure aluminum and rust-proof aluminum. Heat-treated strengthened aluminium alloys can improve their mechanical properties by means of quenching and aging. They can be divided into hard aluminium, forged aluminium, superhard aluminium and special aluminium alloys.
    • Cast aluminum alloys can be divided into Al-Si alloys, Al-Cu alloys, Al-Mg alloys, Al-Zn alloys and Al-RE alloys according to their chemical composition. Among them, Al-Si alloys have hypereutectic silicon-Al alloys, eutectic silicon-Al alloys, monocrystalline silicon-Al alloys and cast aluminum alloys are used as cast.Aluminum Based Alloy

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Some Brands and Applications of Aluminum-based Alloys

    • Similar to 3003 alloy, 5005 has medium strength and good corrosion resistance. Used as conductors, cookers, dashboards, shells and building decorations. The anodic oxide film is brighter than the oxide film on 3003 alloy and is in harmony with the hue of 6063 alloy.
    • 5050 thin plate can be used as lining board of refrigerator and refrigerator, automobile gas pipe, oil pipe and agricultural irrigation pipe, and can also be used to process thick plate, pipe, bar, profiled material and wire material.
    • This alloy has good formability, corrosion resistance, candleability, fatigue strength and moderate static strength. It is used to manufacture aircraft fuel tank, fuel pipe, sheet metal parts of traffic vehicles and ships, instruments, street lamp brackets and rivets, hardware products, etc.
    • 5056 magnesium alloy and cable sheath rivets, zippers, nails, etc. Aluminum-coated wire is widely used in processing agricultural insect trap cover and other occasions where high corrosion resistance is required.
    • 5083 is used in occasions requiring high corrosion resistance, good weldability and medium strength, such as welding parts of naval vessels, automobiles and aircraft panels; pressure vessels requiring strict fire protection, refrigeration devices, TV towers, drilling equipment, transportation equipment, missile components, armor, etc.
    • 5086 is used in occasions requiring high corrosion resistance, good weldability and medium strength, such as warships, automobiles, aircraft, cryogenic equipment, TV towers, drilling rigs, transportation equipment, missile parts and decks, etc.
    • 5154 Welded Structure, Storage Tank, Pressure Vessel, Ship Structure, Marine Facilities, Transportation Tank
    • 5182 thin plate is used for processing parts such as cans, car body panels, control pans, reinforcements, brackets, etc.
    • 5252 is used to manufacture decorative parts with high strength, such as automobiles. Bright and transparent oxide film after anodic oxidation
    • 5254 Containers for Hydrogen Peroxide and Other Chemical Products
    • Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy Electrode and Wire with Magnesium Content More than 3% in 5356 Welding
    • 5454 Welded Structures, Pressure Vessels, Pipelines for Marine Facilities
    • 5456 armoured deck, high strength welded structure, tank, pressure vessel, ship material
    • Decorations for automobiles and other equipment polished and anodized
    • Storage containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemical products
    • Decorative parts of automobiles and other equipment polished and anodized, but fine grain structure must be ensured in any case.
    • 5A02 Aircraft Fuel Tank and Pipe, Welding Wire, Rivet, Ship Structural Parts
    • 5A03 medium strength welding structure, cold stamping parts, welding containers, welding wires, can be used to replace 5A02 alloy 5A05 welding structure, aircraft skin skeleton
    • 5A06 welding structure, cold die forging parts, stress parts of welding and pulling vessels, aircraft skin bone parts
    • 5A12 welded structural parts, bullet-proof deck
    • 6005 extruded profiles and pipes for structural parts requiring strength greater than 6063 alloy, such as ladders, television antennas, etc.
    • 6009 automobile body panels
    • 6010 sheet: automobile body
    • 6061 requires various industrial structures with high strength, weldability and corrosion resistance, such as pipes, bars, shapes and plates for manufacturing trucks, tower buildings, ships, trams, fixtures, mechanical parts, precision processing, etc.
    • 6063 Building Profile, Irrigation Pipe and Extrusion Material 6066 Forging and Welding Structural Extrusion Material for Vehicles, Benches, Furniture, Fences, etc.
    • 6070 Heavy-duty Welding Structure and Extruded Materials and Pipes for Automotive Industry
    • High Strength Bars, Electrical Conductors and Heat Dissipators for 6101 Buses
    • 6151 is used for die forging crankshaft parts, machine parts and production of rolling rings. It can be used for both good forgability, high strength and good corrosion resistance.
    • 6201 High Strength Conductive Bar and Wire
    • 6205 Thick Plate, Pedal and Extrusion Parts with High Impact Resistance
    • 6262 requires high stress threaded parts with better corrosion resistance than alloy 2011 and 2017
    • Extrusion structural parts of 6351 vehicles, water and oil pipelines, etc.
    • 6463 Building and various utensil profiles, as well as automotive decorations with bright surface after anodic oxidation treatment
    • 6A02 Aircraft Engine Parts, Complex Forgings and Die Forgings
    • Extrusion material 7005 is used to manufacture welded structures with high strength and fracture toughness, such as trusses, rods and containers of transportation vehicles, large heat exchangers, and components that can not be solidified after welding, and sports equipment such as tennis rackets and softball bats.
    • 7039 Refrigeration Vessel, Cryogenic Equipment and Storage Tank, Fire Pressure Equipment, Military Equipment, Armor Plate, Missile Equipment
    • 7049 is used for forging parts with the same static strength as 7079-T6 alloy and high stress corrosion cracking resistance, such as aircraft and missile parts, landing gear hydraulic cylinder and extrusion parts. The fatigue properties of the parts are approximately the same as 7075-T6 alloy, but the toughness is slightly higher.                                                                                           For more information，please contact us via E-mail: sales@ebcastworld.com   Or Whatsapp:0086-130 930 237 72.
    21Nov, 2018
    Copper Based Alloys

    Copper based alloys are a alloy consisting of a certain amount of other elements is added to copper. Copper alloy is an important branch of heavy non-ferrous metal materials because of its medium strength, easy processing, fatigue resistance, beautiful color, good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. Copper alloys are widely used in various sectors of industry. Their output is second only to that of steel and aluminium, which is the third largest category of alloys in metal materials.

    Copper Based Alloys

    Properties of Copper Based Alloys

    (1) Excellent physical and chemical properties of pure copper have excellent conductivity and thermal conductivity, and copper alloys have good conductivity and thermal conductivity. The corrosion resistance of copper and copper alloys to atmosphere and water is very high. Copper is a diamagnetic substance.

    (2) Good workability, good plasticity, easy cold and hot forming; Cast copper alloy has good casting performance.

    (3) It has some special mechanical properties such as excellent antifriction and wear resistance (such as bronze and some brass), high elastic limit and fatigue limit (such as beryllium bronze).

    (4) beautiful color.

    Classification of Copper Based Alloys

    • Copper based alloys are classified according to alloy system.

    Copper-based alloys can be divided into non-alloy copper and alloy copper. Non-alloy copper includes high-purity copper, tough copper, deoxidized copper, oxygen-free copper and so on. Traditionally, people call non-alloy copper as copper or pure copper, also called red copper, while other copper alloys belong to alloy copper. China and Russia divide the alloy copper into brass, bronze and white copper, and then divide the small alloy system into large categories.

    • Copper based alloys are classified according to their functions.

    Copper-based alloys include conductive and conductive copper alloys (mainly non-alloyed copper and microalloyed copper), structural copper alloys (almost all copper alloys), corrosion-resistant copper alloys (mainly tin brass, aluminium brass, various non-white copper, aluminium bronze, titanium bronze, etc.) and wear-resistant copper alloys (mainly containing lead, tin, aluminium, manganese, etc.). Complex brass, aluminium bronze, etc.), free-cutting copper alloys (copper-lead, copper-tellurium, copper-antimony and other alloys), elastic copper alloys (mainly antimony bronze, aluminium bronze, beryllium bronze, titanium bronze, etc.) damping copper alloys (high manganese bronze alloy, etc.), artistic copper alloys (pure copper, simple single copper, tin bronze, aluminium bronze, white bronze, etc.) . Obviously, many copper alloys have multiple functions.

    • Copper based alloys are classified according to their forming methods.

    Copper based alloys can be divided into cast copper alloys and deformed copper alloys according to their forming methods. In fact, many copper alloys can be used for casting as well as for deformation. Usually deformed copper alloys can be used for casting, but many cast copper alloys can not be forged, extruded, deep drawing and other deformation processing. Cast copper alloy and wrought copper alloy can be subdivided into casting copper, brass, bronze and cupric copper.

    Application of Copper Based Alloys

    • EB ASTM B148 C95800 is mainly used in chemical industry, such as caustic soda and synthetic fiber.
    • EB ASTM B148 C95300 is mainly used in glass mould, punch head, buckle and so on.
    • EB ASTM B61 C92200 is mainly used in pressure vessel parts of castings such as valves, flanges and fittings, oil pumps, gears, bushings, bearings, Babbitt alloy liner bearings, temperature below 290 degrees Celsius and stress below 20MPa (3ksi).
    • EB ASTM B584 C979800 is mainly used in adjusting ring parts and in steam environment on Safety regulating valves.
    • EB ZCSn10Zn2110-2/GB1176-87 is mainly used in the military and maritime industry. Industrial bronze is used for heavy bearings requiring wear resistance; bronze for general high strength structure under harsh conditions; bolts, nuts and gears; heavy pressure bearings and sleeves for matching quenched steel; valves, expansion joints, special high-pressure pipeline accessories; plungers for pumps; elevator components; steam-die castings;
    • EB ASTM B62 C83600 is mainly used in low pressure valves, pipe fittings, gasoline and petroleum pipe fittings, fire fighting equipment fittings, pinion, small pump parts;

    For more information，please contact us via E-mail: sales@ebcastworld.com   Or Whatsapp:0086-130 930 237 72.

    16Nov, 2018
    Nickel-base Alloy

    Nickel-based alloy is a kind of alloy with high strength and certain anti-oxidation and corrosion resistance at 650-1000℃. According to the main properties, it is subdivided into nickel-based heat-resistant alloy, nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, nickel-based wear-resistant alloy, nickel-based precision alloy and nickel-based shape memory alloy. Superalloys can be divided into iron-based superalloys, nickel-based superalloys and cobalt-based superalloys according to the different substrates. Nickel based superalloys are referred to as nickel based alloys.Nickel-base Alloy

    Classification And Characteristics Of Nickel-Base Alloys

    Nickel-base Alloy The main alloying elements are copper, chromium and molybdenum, which have good comprehensive properties and can resist various acid corrosion and stress corrosion. The earliest applications (produced in 1905 in the United States) were nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) alloys, also known as Monel alloys (Ni 70 Cu30); in addition, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys (that is, nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, heat-resistant corrosion alloys in corrosion-resistant alloys), nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) alloys, nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys, etc. At the same time, pure nickel is also a typical representative of nickel based corrosion resistant alloy. These nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys are mainly used in the manufacture of petroleum, chemical, power and other corrosion-resistant environmental components. According to the main properties, it is subdivided into nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys, nickel-based wear-resistant alloys, nickel-based precision alloys and nickel-based shape memory alloys.

    • Ni-Cu alloy

    In reducing medium, corrosion resistance is better than nickel, and in oxidizing medium, corrosion resistance is better than copper. It is the best material for high temperature fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid (see metal corrosion) under the condition of no oxygen and oxidant.

    • Ni-Cr alloy

    That is, nickel based heat resistant alloys; mainly used in oxidizing media. The corrosion resistance of high temperature oxidation and sulfur, vanadium and other gases increases with the increase of chromium content. These alloys also have good resistance to corrosion and stress corrosion resistance of hydroxides, such as NaOH, KOH.

    • Ni-Mo alloy

    It is mainly used under the condition of reducing medium corrosion. It is the best alloy resistant to hydrochloric acid corrosion, but in the presence of oxygen and oxidant, the corrosion resistance will be significantly reduced.

    • Ni-Cr-Mo (W) alloy

    It has both the properties of the Ni-Cr alloy and the Ni-Mo alloy. It is mainly used in oxidation-reduction and mixed media. These alloys have good corrosion resistance in high temperature hydrogen fluoride gas, hydrochloric acid containing oxygen and oxidant, hydrofluoric acid solution and wet chlorine gas at room temperature.

    • Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy

    It has the ability to resist both nitric acid and sulfuric acid corrosion, and also has good corrosion resistance in some mixed oxidizing-reducing acids.Nickel-base Alloy

    Nickel-base Alloy Designation And Application

    • EB ASTMA 494 CZ100is mainly used in chemical industry, such as caustic soda and synthetic fiber.
    • EB Dameronis mainly used in glass moulds, punch tights, buckles, etc.
    • EB ASTMA 494 CW-12MWchemical industry pumps, valves, hot pressing dies;
    • EB ASTMA 494 N-12MWis applied to the chemical industry, such as pumps and valves for hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride.
    • EB Ni 207-NZis applied to dental materials.
    • EB NiBe19Ingotis applied to dental materials.
    • EBASTMA 494CX2MW should be used in mixed acid, chloride, valve and other devices.
    • EB ASTMA 494M-30Cis used in pumps, valves, and so on for the manufacture of chemical equipment.
    • EB ASTMA 494M-35-2should be used to make parts such as pumps and valves.
    • EB ASTMA 494M-35-1is applied in petrochemical industry, ocean development, manufacturing heat exchangers, pumps, etc.
    • EB ASTMA 494UNS NO5500 is applied to pumps, shafts, impeller and so on.
    • EB ASTMA 494CY5SnBiM is used to manufacture impeller and so on.
    • EB ASTMA CY-40is applied to heat exchange pipes, valves, and chlorine synthetic internals.
    • EB ASTMA CW-6MCis mainly used in gas turbine, chemical industry, oil and gas refining, environmental protection, marine and nuclear industry, etc.
    • EB ASTMA 56060Cr-40Ni is used in exhaust valve seat, sulfuric acid medium anti-knife, etc.
    • EB ASTMA 494CW-2Mis used in mixed acid and chloride plant.
    • EB ASTMA 5383DUNS NO7718is applied to aerospace, oil and gas refining and nuclear industry.

    For more information，please contact us via E-mail: sales@ebcastworld.com   Or Whatsapp:0086-130 930 237 72.

    12Nov, 2018
    Stellite Cobalt-base Alloy

    Stellite Cobalt-base Alloy  is a kind of cemented carbide which can resist various types of wear and corrosion as well as high temperature oxidation. That is commonly known as cobalt chromium tungsten (molybdenum) alloy or Stellite alloy (Stellite alloy was invented by Elwood Hayness in 1907). Cobalt-based alloys consist mainly of cobalt, containing a considerable amount of nickel, chromium, tungsten, a small amount of molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium and lanthanum, and occasionally iron alloys. Depending on the composition of the alloys, they can be made into welding wires, powder for hard surfacing, thermal spraying, spraying welding and other processes, as well as casting and forging and powder metallurgy parts. According to the usage, drill-based alloys can be divided into drill-based wear-resistant alloys, drill-based superalloy, drill-based wear-resistant alloys and water solution corrosion alloys. Usually, it is both wear-resistant and high temperature-resistant or wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant. In some cases, the workpiece may be required to bear high temperature-resistant, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant at the same time. The more complex the working condition, the better the drill-based alloy will be. Cobalt based alloys are generally divided into two categories: cobalt chromium tungsten and cobalt chromium molybdenum. Cobalt chromium tungsten focuses on high temperature wear resistance; cobalt chromium molybdenum focuses on high-temperature corrosion resistance.

    Stellite Cobalt-base Alloy By EB

    Designation and Application for Stellite Cobalt-base Alloy By EB

    ●EB Stellite 1 Cobalt-base Alloy  are mainly used in valve seat and bearing seat,which hardness is HRC48-53.
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite 3 Cobalt-base Alloy By EB is HRC48-53. S3 parts are mainly used in the working condition without thermal and mechanical impact, such as pump bushing, rotary seal ring, wear-resistant gasket, bearing bushing, homogenizer parts, tinplate roll, plastic extrusion gasket.
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite 4 is HRC43-47. S4 alloy parts are used for mechanical impact heat, zinc plating equipment for hot extrusion and copper-aluminium alloy dies, bearing battery dies.
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite 6Z is greater than or equal to HRC37 for steam and chemical seats
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite 12Z is HRC45-50 for hot extrusion dies, galvanizing equipment bearings.
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite 20Z is HRC52-58 for non-thermal and mechanical impact occasions, such as pump bushes, rotary sealing rings, wear-resistant gaskets,bearing bushes, homogenizer parts, tinplate rolls, plastic extrusion liners.
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite 21Z is less than or equal to HRC34.S21 alloy is mainly used for steam turbine blades, brass forging dies, hot extrusion dies.
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite 31Z is less than or equal to HRC34 for steam turbine blades, bushes, hot extrusion dies.
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite 33Z is greater than or equal to HRC52 for high temperature corrosion resistant parts,such as food industry.
    ●The hardness for EB Stellite T800Z is greater than or equal to HRC50 for high temperature, strong corrosion bearing bushes, gate valves, gates and plastic extruder liners.
    ●The hardness for EB T400Z is between HRC52-55 for engine valve seat rings.

    Stellite Cobalt-base Alloy Electrode Characteristics

    Generally, Stellite Cobalt-base Alloy  superalloys lack coherent strengthening phases. Although their strength at medium temperature is low (only 50-75% of that of nickel-based alloys), they have high strength, good thermal fatigue resistance, thermal corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and good weldability when they are higher than 980 C. It is suitable for making guide vanes and nozzle guide vanes of aero-jet engines, industrial gas turbines, naval gas turbines and diesel engine nozzles.
    Carbide strengthening phase: The main carbides in cobalt-based superalloys are MC in cast cobalt-based alloys. M23C6 precipitates at grain boundaries and between dendrites during slow cooling. In some alloys, fine MC can form a eutectic with the substrate gamma. MC carbide particles are too large to directly affect dislocation, so the strengthening effect of the alloy is not obvious, while fine dispersed carbides have a good strengthening effect. Carbides (mainly MC) located at grain boundaries can prevent grain boundary slip and improve the rupture strength. The microstructure of Co-based superalloy HA-31 (X-40) is dispersed reinforced phase (CoCrW) C-type carbide.
    Stellite Cobalt-base Alloy By EBTopological dense-packed phases, such as Sigma and Laves, occur in some cobalt-based alloys, which are harmful and brittle. Cobalt-based alloys are hardly strengthened by intermetallic compounds because Co (Ti, Al) and CoTa are not stable at high temperatures, but cobalt-based alloys strengthened by intermetallic compounds have also developed in recent years.
    The thermal stability of carbides in cobalt based alloys is better. When the temperature rises, the growth rate of carbide aggregation is slower than that of gamma phase in nickel-based alloys, and the temperature of re-dissolving in the matrix is higher (up to 1100 C). Therefore, the strength of cobalt-based alloys decreases slowly when the temperature rises.
    Cobalt-based alloys have good thermal corrosion resistance. It is generally believed that the reason why cobalt-based alloys are superior to nickel-based alloys in this respect is that the melting point of cobalt sulfide (such as Co-CoS eutectic, 877 C) is higher than that of nickel sulfide (such as Ni-NiS eutectic 645 C), and the sulfur diffusivity in cobalt is much lower than that in nickel. Moreover, because most cobalt-based alloys contain more chromium than nickel-based alloys, alkali metal sulfates (such as CrO protective coating for NaSO corrosion) can be formed on the surface of the alloys. However, the oxidation resistance of cobalt based alloys is usually much lower than that of Ni based alloys. The early cobalt based alloys were produced by non vacuum smelting and casting processes. Later developed alloys, such as Mar-M509 alloy, were produced by vacuum smelting and vacuum casting because they contained more active elements such as zirconium and boron.

    For more information，please contact us via E-mail: sales@ebcastworld.com   Or Whatsapp:0086-130 930 237 72.